Aromaticity in molecules is determined by the following criteria:
1. **Planarity:** The molecule must be planar, with all atoms lying in the same plane to facilitate π electron delocalization.
2. **Conjugation:** Aromatic compounds have a continuous or conjugated system of overlapping p orbitals, allowing for the delocalization of π electrons.
3. **Hückel's Rule:** For monocyclic compounds, Hückel's rule states that the number of π electrons in the conjugated system must be 4n + 2, where n is an integer (n = 0, 1, 2, ...). This criterion ensures enhanced stability.
4. **Complete π-Electron Delocalization:** π electrons must be able to move freely throughout the entire π system without interruption, maintaining stability.
Common examples of aromatic compounds include benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons.
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